The thyroid gland is an important organ of internal secretion, the performance of which largely depends on the content of bioactive substances in the body. With a lack of vitamins, its endocrine function is disrupted, which leads to a deficiency or excess of thyroid hormones – triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (thyroxine, T4). Taking vitamins for the thyroid gland can prevent many diseases – hyperplasia, euthyroid goiter, hypothyroidism.    

What vitamins and trace elements does the thyroid gland need

The functioning of the endocrine glands is influenced by the content of bioactive substances in the body – minerals, trace elements, vitamins. Their deficiency leads to hormonal imbalance, which increases the risk of hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer. 

Vitamins for the thyroid gland:

• ascorbic acid (C);
• thiamine (B1);
• lactoflavin (B2);
• niacin (B3);
• pantothenate (B5);
• pyridoxine (B6);
• folacin (B9);
• cyanocobalamin (B12);
• tocopherol (E);
• cholecalciferol (D).

The synthesis of T3 and T4 occurs with the participation of the alpha amino acids tyrosine and iodine. To assimilate them from food, vitamins of the B and C groups are needed. With their deficiency, the secretory activity of the gland decreases, which leads to a lack of hormones.

How to Replenish the Lack of Vitamins and Minerals

Vitamin and mineral deficiency negatively affects the functioning of the entire endocrine system. With a deficiency of iodine, copper, selenium and vitamin B6, the production of iodine-containing hormones, which are involved in most physiological processes, decreases. Therefore, patients with thyroid hypothyroidism are prescribed food supplements and vitamin-mineral complexes. Replenishment of the lack of bioactive substances leads to an acceleration of metabolism and normalization of thyroid function.  

Some vitamins are synthesized in the body. But most of them come with food, dietary supplements and fortified tablets. Therefore, if the thyroid gland is insufficient, diet and vitamin therapy are prescribed.

Multivitamin complexes

For the prevention and treatment of diseases of the gland, multivitamin preparations are used. With their systematic intake, cellular metabolism is normalized, the activity of thyrocytes – functional cells of the thyroid gland – increases . Vitamin therapy is prescribed to women when planning pregnancy, since endocrine disorders cause serious harm to the fetus and the expectant mother.

List of names of multivitamins for women

Name of preparations with vitamins	Structure	Operating principle
Prenatal Optima	retinoltocopherolfolacinpyridoxineseleniummagnesiumiodinecalciumvitamin Clactoflavin	Prevents iodine deficiency , vitamin deficiency, hypofunction of the gland.
Centrum Prenatal	cyanocobalaminthiaminebiotincoppera nicotinic acidphosphorusiodinebeta caroteneseleniumcholecalciferolpantothenic acidmanganesecyanocobalamin	Eliminates hypovitaminosis, enhances metabolism. Stimulates the function of the gland in the 1st trimester of pregnancy, reduces the risk of hypothyroid conditions.
Duovit	nicotinamidemagnesiumretinoltocopherolphosphoruslactoflavinfolic acidpyridoxinepantothenatemolybdenumvitamin C	Stimulates the work of the nervous and endocrine systems, speeds up metabolism. Regulates oxidation- reduction reactions in the body, accelerates bone mineralization.
Pregnavit	folacintocopherollactoflavinthiaminecyanocobalaminvitamin Cretinolpyridoxinenicotinamidepantothenate	Participates in protein metabolism, stimulates the secretory activity of the gland. Strengthens the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates, stimulates the formation of cartilage and bones in the fetus.
Vitrum Prenatal	iodinethiamineironfolic acidpyridoxinelactoflavinmagnesiumcholecalciferolvitamin Cseleniumbiotinmanganesecalcium	Affects blood clotting, the work of the endocrine glands. Prevents placental insufficiency, iodine deficiency .

Vitamin and mineral complexes are prescribed exclusively by a doctor. Irrational use of drugs is fraught with hypervitaminosis and excessive activity of the endocrine glands.

With hypofunction of the gland against the background of iodine deficiency, preparations with iodine are especially useful . The list of the best pills includes: 

• Iodomarin ;
• Iod-Active;
• Yodovital ;
• Yodex ;
• Iodine balance .

After 60 years, the metabolism slows down, which leads to the extinction of thyroid function. Therefore, many endocrine diseases are diagnosed in the elderly. Depending on the type of vitamin and mineral deficiency, they are prescribed multivitamins with different compositions:

Name of drugs	Structure
Centrum from A to Z	phosphorusbiotincholecalciferoltocopherolluteincyanocobalaminzincmolybdenumfolic acidthiaminebeta carotenecalciumvitamin Cpyridoxineiodine
multi- Tubbs	nicotinamidepyridoxinechromiumcolecalciferoltocopheroliodinevitamin Clactoflavincyanocobalaminfolacinmanganeseseleniumpantothenatethiaminebiotinzinc
Perfectil	beta carotenevitamin Ccholecalciferolsilicontocopherolthiaminezinccopperbiotinsodiumpantothenateseleniumpyridoxine
Doppelgerz Active	retinolthiaminemagnesiumtocopherolsiliconnicotinamidepantothenic acidcyanocobalaminmanganesezinclactoflavinmolybdenumiodinecopperbiotinfolacinchloridesseleniumcalciumvitamin C
Alphabet Classic	cholecalciferolbiotinironmolybdenummagnesiumtocopherolcoppercyanocobalaminfolacinretinolnicotinamidezinc

Replenishing the deficiency of nutrients strengthens the immune system, reduces the likelihood of chronic diseases and autoimmune disorders.

Taking vitamins reduces the risk of thyroid disorders by 89%.

Healthy diet

Unbalanced nutrition is one of the factors provoking thyroid hypofunction. To compensate for the lack of vitamins and iodine in the body, the diet includes foods high in bioactive substances.  

Vitamins and minerals	What products contain.
IN 1	pistachiosBrewer’s yeastporkoatmealsesamepeanutsoy
IN 2	beef liverdried mushroomseggshard cheeseRed caviarchocolate
AT 5	egg powderbransoylentilswheatcelery
AT 6	garlicsalmonhazelnutWheat flourmackerelBell pepper
AT 9	Cod liverspinachcilantrowheat branrye
FROM	sea ​​buckthornbroccolihorseradishRowandillChampignonoranges
iodine	sea ​​basskelpshrimpbeanshorse mackerelWheat groats

With a balanced diet, the work of the endocrine glands, gastrointestinal tract, immune and nervous systems is normalized.

What vitamins are needed after removal of the thyroid gland

After thyroidectomy – removal of the thyroid gland – all patients without exception are prescribed hormone replacement therapy (HRT). To maintain the functions of the endocrine system, diet therapy is followed. To prevent vitamin deficiency and associated pathologies, take vitamin and mineral complexes.    

To avoid hypocalcemia and other metabolic disorders, drugs are used that contain:

• iodine;
• magnesium;
• phosphorus;
• calcium;
• vitamin D;
• vitamin C;
• B vitamins;
• selenium;
• tocopherol.

After removal of the gland, special attention is paid to the intake of vitamins and proteins into the body. To avoid complications from the diet, exclude harmful foods – fast food, wheat flour, confectionery, smoked meats, canned meat.

Depending on the immune status and the presence of hypovitaminosis, different prophylactic complexes are prescribed:

• Complivit ;
• Alphabet;
• Aevit ;
• Doppelhertz ;
• Vitrum ;
• Dekamevite ;
• Centrum .

In 1/3 of patients with a removed gland, mineral metabolism is impaired. Demineralization of bone tissue is dangerous due to osteoporosis, muscle cramps and other complications. To prevent them, drugs with calcium and vitamin D are prescribed – Supracal , Osteogenon , Calceos , Calcium D3-Nycomed.

Rules for the use of vitamin complexes

Vitamins for the thyroid gland should be taken in courses of 2-4 weeks. If necessary, vitamin therapy is repeated, but only on the recommendation of a doctor. The drugs are selected by an endocrinologist taking into account:

• functional activity of the gland;
• type of hypovitaminosis.

Dietary supplements and fortified preparations are taken 1 or 2 times a day after meals. To avoid allergic reactions, they are washed down with still water. The duration of treatment is discussed with your doctor. Ignoring the recommendations leads to overdose and hypervitaminosis.

It is undesirable to take different vitamin and mineral complexes at the same time, which include the same components

Overdose occurs in the case of a one-time intake of a large amount of vitamins. In terms of symptoms, it almost does not differ from food or medicine poisoning. The person complains about:

• stomach ache;
• nausea;
• bitterness in the mouth;
• diarrhea;
• feverish condition;
• itchy skin.

Hypervitaminosis occurs with prolonged intake of vitamin-containing agents. The abuse of B vitamins is indicated by :

• nervous excitement;
• rashes on the skin;
• joint pain;
• heart palpitations;
• headache;
• nausea;
• hair loss.

The intake of dietary supplements with iodine should be monitored by a doctor. The daily requirement for a trace element does not exceed 0.15 mg. An excess of iodine leads to an overactive thyroid gland and an overproduction of thyroid hormones. This condition is dangerous with thyrotoxicosis.

Vitamin therapy is one of the most effective ways to prevent thyroid diseases. Its effectiveness is influenced by the dosage, frequency and duration of drug administration. To avoid hypo – and hypervitaminosis, you should consult your doctor before taking vitamin and mineral complexes.