On the bond that exists between voice disorders and hormonal function of the thyroid gland, first drew attention to Leonard van der Hoevcn in 1928. The aforementioned author described in detail the complex of symptoms characteristic of this disease, calling it “thyroid-vocalis syndrome” (thyreo-vocalis syndrome). Persons suffering from this disease, mainly professional singers, and more often singers, become hoarse, voice range decreases, patients can not make any voice effort.
True, a sipota can be short-lived, but its frequent relapses are the cause of constant unrest and uncertainty in the future. After some time, difficulties arise in the emission of high sounds, the voice loses its inherent timbre and becomes unclean.
The thyroid gland is slightly enlarged, but there are no symptoms of compression of the larynx. Terracol sees the cause of this disease in vasomotor disorders. Due to the fact that the same blood vessels participate in the blood supply to the thyroid gland and larynx, the scientist believes that the occurrence of the thyroid-voice syndrome is explained by improper blood circulation in the thyroid gland and larynx, and not hormonal disorders.
Only in exceptional cases, hypertrophy of the right lobe of the thyroid gland leads to compression of the right recurrent laryngeal nerve, in connection with which the function of the right vocal cord is disrupted and the process of voice formation changes.
An enlarged thyroid gland , in which hormonal function does not suffer, does not affect voice emission. Hypertrophy of the thyroid gland, which is usually observed in young people, mainly women, is called juvenile goiter (struma juvenilis). Often there is an increase in the thyroid gland during menstruation, and after the end of menstruation, the thyroid gland returns to its original size. However, the enlargement of the thyroid gland is never so significant as to cause difficulties during the emission of the voice due to compression of the larynx or laryngeal nerves.
Violations of the hormonal function of the thyroid gland can be: 1) in increased secretion of hormones – hyperfunction (hyperthyreosis), 2) in insufficient secretion of hormones – hypofunction (hypothyreosis) and 3) in a change in the chemical composition of hormones (dysthyreosis).
1. In cases of hyperfunction of the thyroid gland – a basic disease – violations of voice emission are very pronounced. Fatigue and fatigue of the voice, as well as hoarseness, are observed. Unlike phonastenia, the voice in this disease does not decrease, but rather becomes high. This disease is called false phonastenia in case of bazedovoy disease (pseudophonasthenia basedoviana).
The feeling of fear during emission also accompanies functional disturbances of the voice during hyperthyroidism. In the first case, a feeling of fear is determined by the weakness of the vocal apparatus; in the second, a violation of the excretory function of the thyroid gland.
2. Analysis of voice formation disorders with hypothyroidism, for example, in cretins is beyond the scope of this work. 3. Violations of voice emission , as a result of changes in the chemical composition of the thyroid hormone (dysthyreosis), are still very little studied.