Sore throat, or acute pharyngitis, in the vast majority of cases caused by the notorious viruses, not hypothermia, as many think. More than 200 types of viruses that can cause SARS are described. Among them are the well-known herpes simplex virus, and the Epstein-Barr virus. Acute pharyngitis, with SARS, is often accompanied by runny nose, cough, headache, hoarseness of the voice and temperature. In the presence of a runny nose, the diagnosis will sound like “acute rhinopharyngitis”, with hoarseness of the voice – “acute pharyngolaryngitis” (where laryngitis is an inflammation of the larynx). It’s logical. All these diagnoses are actually synonymous with SARS.
How to treat acute pharyngitis, or SARS?
The body fights SARS on its own – the infection usually takes 5-10 days without special treatment.
Offered in pharmacies https://antibiotics-antibacterials.net/augmentin.php and actively advertised drugs against colds and flu have only a temporary relief (symptomatic effect). The only effective antiviral drugs are the so-called neuraminidase blockers (oseltamivir, zanamivir), which are prescribed in rare cases and to a certain group of patients. But they are not a panacea, reducing the time of the disease only for a day.
There are no effective drugs against SARS. No adjuvants and immunomodulators does not improve immunity. At best, they have a placebo effect. However, since many popular drugs have not passed quality tests, it is unknown what harm they can cause to the body.
Less often the cause of acute pharyngitis can be bacteria, but it is very difficult to determine this by eye – the manifestations do not differ. Therefore, the doctor when choosing a method of treatment primarily pays attention to the General condition of the patient, the presence of comorbidities and excludes other causes of pain in the throat.
Antibiotics are useless for sore throat and SARS. They do not act on viruses and do not prevent the development of bacterial complications.
Thus, the main treatment of acute mild pharyngitis is symptomatic: with sore throat, analgesic is prescribed in tablets or syrup (ibuprofen, Nurofen), with an increase in body temperature – antipyretic, warm abundant drink (to replenish the liquid), but still the most important thing in the treatment is rest. Just do not interfere with the body to recover!
In SARS or acute pharyngitis in any case do not give children aspirin! It can cause a life-threatening condition – ray’s syndrome (cerebral edema and fatty liver infiltration).
As for the many offered in pharmacies sprays and “rinses” for the throat, I hasten to disappoint you: they are ineffective in pharyngitis. Moreover, they cause dryness and can increase discomfort in the throat, so do not get carried away with them. To relieve sore throat, use rinses with saline solutions prepared at home, and do not eat too hot or irritating mucous food and drinks. This is enough to treat SARS.
Bacterial pharyngitis
However, not all bacteria are harmless in acute pharyngitis. In about 20-30 % of cases, acute pharyngitis (which, I remind, includes angina) is associated with the reproduction in the throat of a particularly dangerous bacterium – beta-hemolytic Streptococcus group A (the common abbreviation of BGS). This Streptococcus can cause a serious complication – acute rheumatic fever (or, as previously said, rheumatism) and kidney inflammation (poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis). It turns out that the antibodies that are produced against BGS, ironically like puzzles come to their own cells of the heart, joints and kidneys and during acute infection begin to attack not only streptococci, but also their own tissues! As a result, can develop inflammation of large joints (arthritis), heart (carditis), kidneys (glomerulonephritis), the temperature rise of the body and in rare cases will cause unconscious twitching of the limbs and facial muscles (chorea of Sydenham). That’s why Streptococcus is so dangerous.
What about other bacteria? Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli or, God forbid, mushrooms? Suddenly smear detects in the throat these terrible germs, is to treat them not necessary?
The fact of the matter is that is not treated smear results, and disease (e.g., sinusitis, pharyngitis, otitis media), and more precisely – of the patient. In fact, all of these bacteria are not so “terrible”, because they can live in the throat constantly and do not cause any infections. Therefore, do not rush to treat the bacteria that are listed on the analysis form. Most likely they are part of the normal microflora of the pharynx.
How not to miss of GABHS
As I have already noted, the insidiousness of the disease is that bacterial and viral pharyngitis proceeds equally, and only a smear from the throat allows them to distinguish. The problem is that sowing (or, as doctors say, bacteriological study) is prepared for at least 3 days, and a quick test for Streptococcus (strep test) is not always available in the Arsenal of doctors, so you can miss the time. That’s why doctors in the world have agreed to focus on four signs that the infection is caused by BGS:
• presence of plaque on the tonsils;
• body temperature above 38.3 C;
• enlargement and soreness of the lymph nodes of the neck;
• no cough.
Mouth and throat normal home to various flora, so taking a swab from the throat to the study in most cases meaningless. The smear is taken to exclude BGS and in rare cases – atypical bacteria in the presence of indications.
If there is only one sign, the probability of BGS IS about 23 %, and if there are all four, it increases to 86 %. When the probability of the presence of BGS IS high or it is confirmed by the result of a smear, it is recommended to treat with systemic antibiotics (in tablets or injections). Usually treatment is carried out on an outpatient basis, but in severe General condition and the development of complications, emergency hospitalization is necessary.
When there is no time to wait and need to see a ENT doctor immediately?
Do not ignore prolonged or increasing pain in the throat. Throat – a respiratory organ, so “banal” at first glance, pharyngitis can suddenly become complicated by edema or abscess and cause life-threatening complications.