A parathyroid adenoma is a tumor that is benign. The causes of adenoma are mutations in parathyrocytes , which begin to over-secrete parathyroid hormone. This hormone plays a very important role in calcium-phosphorus reactions. Once the amount of parathyroid hormone increases, the concentration of calcium increases accordingly. If there is a suspicion that you have a parathyroid adenoma, the prognosis of life will depend on how quickly you find it.

The tumor is red-brown in color, with a matte surface. There are also places where there are necrotic formations with hemorrhages, as well as small multiple cysts in which there is fluid.

Signs of adenoma

First of all, parathyroid adenoma is accompanied by an increase in the concentration of calcium in the body and blood. This is accompanied by hypercalcemia, which later begins to manifest problems in such places as: the gastrointestinal tract (accompanied by ulcers, pancreatitis, often internal bleeding), bones (slight trauma, osteoporosis, increased fragility and reduced density), kidneys (pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, nephrolithiasis, less often renal failure), heart and blood vessels (arterial hypertension, heart attack, ischemia).

Standard symptoms of parathyroid adenoma:

• loss of appetite;
• discomfort from the gastrointestinal tract;
• nausea;
• vomit;
• diarrhea or constipation;
• sudden weight loss;
• pain in the bones and joints;
• muscular dystrophy, weakness.

Excessive secretion and deposits of calcium in the vessels of the heart can lead to the appearance of acute myocardial infarction. With sclerosis of the tubules in the kidneys, acute renal failure can form, which can lead to death.

When the adenoma begins to grow rapidly, the first warning signs include: increased water intake, heavy urination, changes in the nervous system and behavior (depression, fatigue, irritability, memory impairment, tics, convulsions). It is because of hypercalcemia that pathologies begin on the part of the joints (atherosclerosis), dryness, itching, itching are noted on the part of the skin, and calcium salts can also accumulate in the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eye and in the auricles.

Only a doctor has the right to make a diagnosis, based on the results of biochemical and general blood and urine tests, x-rays, ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance therapy of the parathyroid glands, puncture, angiography, cytological examination of biological material. Indicators that show a parathyroid adenoma:

• calcium concentration;
• parathyroid hormone level;
• determination of the concentration of alkaline phosphatase;
• excretion of calcium per day.

Treatment of adenoma

Therapy of parathyroid adenoma is carried out exclusively by surgery. Moreover, as soon as the tumor was detected, the operation to remove it will have to be done in the near future. Otherwise, irreversible processes begin to occur in the patient’s body, which lead to an unfavorable outcome.

First you need to conduct a course of treatment to eliminate hypercalcemia. The patient must follow a strict diet, in which it is worth giving up foods containing calcium. This is especially true for dairy products. In parallel with this, intravenous infusions of bisphosphonates , drip sodium chloride solution, forced diuresis are prescribed. The dosage and duration of the course is determined by the doctor individually for each patient. In those cases when a hypercalcemic crisis occurs, then it is necessary to use hormonal drugs, cardiac glycosides, a drip solution of sodium bicarbonate, glucose. When the entire course is completed, then the second phase of getting rid of parathyroid adenoma begins – this is an operation to remove the tumor from the organ.

With complete hyperplasia or formations of a large number of adenomas, it is necessary to remove the tumor along with the parathyroid gland.

To consolidate the effect, treatment with folk remedies will not be superfluous. You can drink decoctions of wild rose, sunflower, yarrow tincture.

life forecast

After the removal of the adenoma, biochemical studies are carried out to monitor the concentration of calcium in the blood, as well as a daily check of the heart (ECG). As a rule, after the operation, the amount of calcium in the blood returns to normal in just a couple of days. If the operation is successful and there are no metastases, then the patient will recover quickly. Bone tissue returns to normal in a couple of years after removal of the adenoma. But there are cases when defects persist at the fracture sites, in which case it will cause some discomfort in later life. If the pathology has been transferred to the kidneys, then the outcome may be less favorable, due to the fact that nephrocacinosis is an irreversible process that activates acute renal failure.