Thyroid pills stimulate or inhibit the synthesis of thyroid hormones. The drugs restore hormonal balance, relieve the symptoms of hypo – and hyperactivity of the gland. The choice of tablets is determined by the cause of endocrine disorders, the severity of the manifestations of the disease. To maintain the functions of the thyroid gland, iodine-containing or antithyroid drugs are prescribed.   

What diseases of the thyroid gland require drug therapy

Drug treatment of the thyroid gland involves the administration of drugs that restore its secretory activity and normal size.

Conservative therapy is recommended for excessive or insufficient synthesis of iodine-containing hormones.

Indications for treatment:

• endemic goiter;
• thyroid cysts;
• Hashimoto ‘s thyroiditis ;
• adenocarcinoma;
• thyrotoxicosis;
• toxic adenoma; 
• hypothyroidism;
• functional autonomy of the thyroid gland;
• hypoparathyroidism ;
• lymphoma in the thyroid lobe;
• Graves’ disease ;
• peripheral hypothyroidism, etc.

The duration of treatment is determined by the causes of thyroid dysfunction. Many patients take drugs to prevent relapse throughout their lives.

What pills are needed for thyroid diseases

All thyroid medications fall into two categories:

• Non-hormonal – do not contain synthetic substitutes for thyroid hormones. This category includes iodine-containing dietary supplements, vitamin-mineral complexes, radioactive iodine preparations . 
• Hormonal – contain substitutes for thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Used to increase the level of thyroid hormones in the body. 

Hormonal and non-hormonal therapy for thyroid pathologies should be compiled by an endocrinologist. An overdose of pills is fraught with even greater disturbances in the work of the endocrine system.

Antithyroid medications (for hyperthyroidism)

Thyrostatics , or antithyroid drugs, are drugs that interfere with the biosynthesis of hormones in the gland and the accumulation of iodine in it. In the list of the most effective means to enter the tablet based on propylthiouracil , methimazole , carbimazole .

Mercazolil

Thiamazole tablets are the best medicine for a thyroid gland that produces too much thyroid hormones. Mercazolil interferes with iodination and synthesis of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). It is prescribed for increased activity of the gland:

• Graves’ disease ;
• toxic adenoma;
• thyrotoxicosis;
• preparation for therapy with radioactive iodine.

The dosage is determined by the degree of thyroid dysfunction (daily dose):

• light – 15 mg;
• heavy – 30 mg.

The treatment is continued until the hormonal background is completely stabilized. The maximum daily dose of Mercazolil is 40 mg.

Espa Carb

A drug based on carbimazole inhibits the incorporation of iodine into the alpha-amino acid, from which thyroid hormones are synthesized. The tablets do not reduce the concentration of T3 and T4 circulating in the blood, but interfere with their production. They are prescribed for the thyroid gland, which overproduces T3 and T4.

Indications for taking Espa Karba :

• hyperfunction of the gland;
• radioactive iodine treatment;
• preparation for partial or complete removal of the thyroid lobes. 

Tablets are prescribed exclusively for excessive secretory activity of the thyroid gland.

The therapeutic daily dose is 20-60 mg, and the maintenance dose is 5-15 mg.

Tyrosol

The medicine with thiamazole is used for the symptomatic treatment of hyperthyroidism of any origin. Suppresses immunopathological reactions in patients with Graves’ disease . It is recommended to take pills when:

• conservative therapy of hyperfunction of the gland;
• preparation for surgical treatment of hyperthyroidism;
• prevention of autonomous adenoma in the thyroid lobes;
• intermediate therapy with radioactive iodine.

The optimal daily dose for adults is 10-40 mg per day.

Hormone replacement drugs (for hypothyroidism)

Hormonal drugs for the treatment of the thyroid gland in women and men make up for the lack of T3 and T4 in the body. They contain synthetic substitutes for thyroid hormones. Taking pills ensures the restoration of hormonal balance in hypothyroidism. 

L-thyroxine

The tablets contain 50-100 mcg of a synthetic substitute for T4 – levothyroxine . Used as part of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for:

• euthyroid conditions;
• cancerous tumors in the thyroid lobes;
• benign goiter;
• after removal of thyroid nodes in the gland.

Features of taking a synthetic hormonal drug (daily dose):

• HRT for hypothyroidism – 25-50 mcg;
• benign goiter – 100-200 mcg;
• prevention of exacerbations of goiter – 100 mcg.

L-thyroxine is contraindicated in uncontrolled hypertension, coronary heart disease.

Eutirox

Like many other hormonal drugs, Eutirox contains levothyroxine . Shown at:

• euthyroid goiter;
• HRT hypofunction of the gland;
• adenocarcinoma in the thyroid lobes;
• prevention of exacerbations of goiter.

The tablets are available in different dosages – 25, 50, 75, 100 mcg of levothyroxine . Depending on the disease, patients are prescribed only 1 tablet of the drug per day.

Thyrocomb

The combined product contains both T3 and T4 substitutes – levothyroxine and liothyronine . It additionally includes potassium iodide, which enhances the biosynthesis of hormones in the gland. Stimulates weight loss in men and women with hypothyroidism, prevents recurrence of goiter after partial thyroidectomy . Take half an hour before meals, ½-2 tablets per day.

Triiodothyronine

Triiodothyronine hydrochloride is a synthetic substitute for T3 with liothyronine . Eliminates the symptoms of thyroid insufficiency, restores metabolism and other biochemical reactions. It is indicated for hypothyroidism of any origin.

Reception features:

• initial therapeutic dose – ½ tablet per day;
• every 14 days the dose is increased by ½-1 tablet;
• maintenance dose – 1.5 tablets.

Triiodothyronine is taken 20-30 minutes before meals.

Iodtirox

The combined tablets contain a synthetic substitute for thyroxine and potassium iodide. Eliminate the symptoms of hypofunction of the gland, accelerate energy processes, restore the activity of internal organs:

• liver;
• brain;
• kidney;
• sex glands;
• hearts, etc.

Iodtirox is taken with iodine deficiency goiter, hypothyroidism. The initial dose of the drug is ½, and the maintenance dose is 1 tablet per day.

You can not take hormonal pills with hyperthyroidism, untreated adrenal insufficiency.

Iodine preparations

Treatment of the thyroid gland in women and men with hypothyroidism involves taking drugs with iodine. They stimulate the biosynthesis of T3 and T4, thereby restoring hormonal balance.

Yodomarin

The tablets contain 100-200 mcg of inorganic iodine – potassium iodide. Provide uninterrupted synthesis of thyroid hormones. Iodomarin is taken:

• during pregnancy and lactation; 
• euthyroid goiter in children;
• endemic goiter in adults
• iodine deficiency;
• hypofunction of the thyroid lobes against the background of iodine deficiency .

Children under 12 years old are prescribed 50-100 mcg, and adults – 100-200 mcg of potassium iodide.

Iodine balance

The analogue of Iodomarin contains the same amount of inorganic iodine. Tablets are included in the therapy of hypofunction of the gland caused by iodine deficiency . Iodine balance is indicated during pregnancy for the prevention of iodine deficiency in the mother and child. Before starting treatment, take into account contraindications – hypersensitivity to iodine and thyroid adenoma. 

Potassium iodide

The medicine activates metabolism, normalizes the secretory function of the thyroid lobes, reduces blood viscosity. Used when:

• endemic goiter;
• preparation for surgical treatment of thyrotoxicosis;
• hyperfunction of the thyroid gland;
• prevention of gland pathologies after treatment with radioactive iodine.

With endemic goiter, 0.04 g is taken 1 time in 7 days, and with diffuse goiter – 0.04 g three times a day.

Iodine asset

The drug with iodcasein is used to treat and prevent iodine deficiency. Unlike other drugs, the iodine contained in it does not penetrate into the thyroid gland with an excess of the trace element in the body. If there is no iodine deficiency , the liver stops producing enzymes that break down iodcasein and release elemental iodine. Children from 14 years old and adults take 1 or 2 tablets of Iod-Active per day.

You can not take Iodine-active tablets for hypolactasia – lactose intolerance. 

Herbal remedies and symptomatic medicines

Phytopreparations contain herbal ingredients and are used to normalize the thyroid gland. To stop the manifestations of endocrine diseases, they take symptomatic medications.

Endonorm

The supplement has thyroid protective properties, that is, it protects the cells of the thyroid gland from destruction, the negative influence of external factors. Endonorm contains several active ingredients:

• white cinquefoil;
• naked licorice;
• kelp;
• succession.

Take 1-2 capsules three times a day 15 minutes before meals.

Endocrinol

Like other dietary supplements for the thyroid gland, Endocrinol has a complex effect:

• prevents structural changes in the thyroid lobes;
• protects gland cells from destruction;
• restores the secretory activity of the organ.

The capsules contain tocopherol and cinquefoil extract, which maintains the balance of thyroid hormones in the body. The optimal daily dose of herbal remedy is 2 capsules per day.

Koraksan

The drug with ivabradine has an anti – ischemic effect and is used to restore the functions of the cardiovascular system in hyperthyroidism. Reduces the frequency of myocardial contractions, preventing the depletion of muscle fibers. Coraxan is included in the symptomatic therapy of cardiopathologies caused by an overactive thyroid gland. The tablets are taken twice a day – in the morning and in the evening.

Anaprilin

An antiarrhythmic drug lowers blood pressure. The therapeutic effect is achieved after 1.5-2 weeks of treatment. Anaprilin is prescribed for cardiac complications of hyperfunction of the thyroid lobes:

• tachycardia;
• hypertension;
• essential tremor;
• cardiovascular pathologies against the background of toxic goiter.

You can not take medicine for diabetes mellitus, gestation and metabolic acidosis.

Other means

Depending on the concomitant manifestations of thyroid dysfunction, the therapy regimen includes:

• Atenolol – relieves attacks of angina pectoris, tachycardia;
• Novo- Passit – reduces anxiety and neurasthenia in hyperthyroidism;
• Dihydrotachysterol – relieves muscle cramps associated with a decrease in muscle calcium levels.

The duration of taking symptomatic agents is determined by the period of onset of remission.

Preventive agents for the thyroid gland

To prevent exacerbations of hypo – and hyperfunction of the thyroid gland, hormonal and non-hormonal agents are prescribed . Many of them are caused by iodine deficiency , so patients are prescribed:

• Antistramine ;
• Tomohexol ;
• Natumin Yod;
• Iodofol .

To restore the structure of the thyroid gland, secretion of T3 and T4, use Albu – a preparation with an extract of white cinquefoil and kelp. It improves the functioning of the organ, accelerates its recovery after partial thyroidectomy . But before starting therapy, it is imperative to consult with an endocrinologist.